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	<title>Protective Put Secrets &#187; Options Trading</title>
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	<description>How to protect your position with a Protective Put</description>
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		<title>10 Options Strategies To Consider</title>
		<link>http://protectiveput.net/10-options-strategies-to-consider</link>
		<comments>http://protectiveput.net/10-options-strategies-to-consider#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jan 2010 08:50:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diversified trading strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[options signals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading Strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[options trading systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stock options investing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[top options trading strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[top ten options trading strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trading Strategies]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://protectiveput.net/10-options-strategies-to-consider</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ To that end, we&#8217;re definitely fans of buying puts and calls, no matter what your level of options experience is. The potential for explosive returns without the need for betting the farm on each trade is unrivaled in the investing world. But we&#8217;re also fans of broadening our horizons and investing in options is [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> To that end, we&#8217;re definitely fans of buying puts and calls, no matter what your level of options experience is. The potential for explosive returns without the need for betting the farm on each trade is unrivaled in the investing world. But we&#8217;re also fans of broadening our horizons and investing in options is one of the best places to do this. With so many different options strategies, there&#8217;s literally always a way to make a profit. Let&#8217;s look at the top 10 options strategies. </p>
<p>Writing options means we are sellers of an options contract, which can be risky under some circumstances, but not with covered calls. In fact, covered call writing is probably the most conservative options-writing strategy because the contract you write is backed by your ownership of the underlying stock. Let&#8217;s say you own 500 shares of a highly liquid blue chip stock like Microsoft. Microsoft isn&#8217;t very volatile and that makes it an ideal candidate for covered call writing. It&#8217;s a good idea to write calls on stocks that aren&#8217;t very volatile because we&#8217;re going to write out-of-the-money calls and collect some income in the form of a premium for doing so. Say Microsoft is trading at $23. We might write calls on the $25 strike for the next month&#8217;s contract. The risk here is that if the underlying stock rises above the strike price before expiration, the buyer of the call can call our stock away at $25, which is a discount to the market price. Now you see why you have to own the stock you&#8217;re writing covered calls on and why you want to select stocks that are range-bound. As a rule of thumb, you would write one call contract for every 100 shares of the underlying you own. </p>
<p>Another fairly conservative options strategy is the married put trade. Married puts are a lot like covered calls in that you already own the underlying stock and you&#8217;ll buy an amount of puts equivalent to the number shares you own. Here, you&#8217;ll be long on the puts, but since you own the underlying stock, the puts act as a hedge. In other words, they give you a way to make money if the stock declines. </p>
<p>There are several different options strategies known as spreads. One of the more basic ones is the bull call spread. In this trade, you buy calls at one strike price and then sell the same amount of calls at a higher strike price. So if you bought five Microsoft 25 calls, you might sell five Microsoft 27.50 or 30 calls. The contracts have to have the same expiration month and underlying security for the trade to be considered a bull call spread. This is a bullish strategy. </p>
<p>The bearish cousin of the bull call is the bear put spread. Here you&#8217;ll buy puts at one strike price and then sell the same amount of puts at a LOWER strike price. Both strategies limit gains, but they also limit losses. </p>
<p>As you can see, a lot of options strategies offer protection to investors. Another one of these trades is the protective collar. With a protective collar, you&#8217;ll purchase an out-of-the-money put option and write (or sell) an out-of-the-money call option on the same security. This strategy is used by investors that have already gotten substantial appreciation from the underlying security as a way of locking in profits. </p>
<p>Got a feeling that a stock is about to make a big move, but you&#8217;re not sure what way the move is going to go? That&#8217;s OK because you buy both a put and call with the same strike price and expiration on the same security. This is known as the long straddle and positions you perfectly to profit from a big move in the underlying, regardless of the direction. </p>
<p>A related strategy is the long strangle, but there&#8217;s a twist with this trade. With a long strangle, you&#8217;ll buy a put and a call on the same security with same expiration date, but with different strike prices. A strangle is usually a little cheaper than a straddle because you&#8217;ll be buying out-of-the-money contracts. And with both long straddles and strangles, your loss is limited to the cost paid to enter the trade. </p>
<p>The butterfly spread is an advanced options strategy that may seem confusing to the novice options investor. In a butterfly spread, we combine bullish and bearish spreads using three different strike prices. An example of a butterfly spread would include buying one put or call at the lowest or highest available strike price, then purchasing two of whatever we didn&#8217;t purchase in the first leg at higher or lower strike prices and then one final put or call at a lower of higher strike. Let&#8217;s try to make this easy to understand. Buy one call, buy two puts, then add another call. Voila, there&#8217;s your butterfly spread. </p>
<p>Another unique options strategy that is geared more to experienced options traders is the iron condor. The iron condor is risky and complex because you simultaneously hold a long and short position in two different strangles. This is the type of trade you need to research before randomly committing money to it. </p>
<p>And our final options trade that we think you ought to know is another butterfly. The iron butterfly allows investors to combine a long or short straddle with the purchase or sale of a strangle. With the iron butterfly we use both puts AND calls, not one or the other. Using out-of-the-money options is advisable to keep costs and risks to a minimum. </p>
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		<title>Wizetrade for Options Navigation Tools to Increase Trading Efficiency</title>
		<link>http://protectiveput.net/wizetrade-for-options-navigation-tools-to-increase-trading-efficiency</link>
		<comments>http://protectiveput.net/wizetrade-for-options-navigation-tools-to-increase-trading-efficiency#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jan 2010 08:00:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Easy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FOREX]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Made]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Software]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Trading Program]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Trading Software]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Trading Styles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Trend Analysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wizetrade]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://protectiveput.net/wizetrade-for-options-navigation-tools-to-increase-trading-efficiency</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[GlobalTec announced today the release of the Wizetrade for Options software, a cutting edge options trading tool that combines access to a wealth of information with the latest navigation capabilities traders need to make efficient, effective trading decisions.
In conjunction with the release of Wizetrade for Options, GlobalTec also released an upgraded version of Option Hunter [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>GlobalTec announced today the release of the Wizetrade for Options software, a cutting edge options trading tool that combines access to a wealth of information with the latest navigation capabilities traders need to make efficient, effective trading decisions.</p>
<p>In conjunction with the release of Wizetrade for Options, GlobalTec also released an upgraded version of Option Hunter software, its premier scanning tool for options traders. Option Hunter searches thousands of stocks, and tens of thousands of options in seconds, returning only those stock and option candidates that meet the user’s trade style and parameters. These candidates are then plugged into Wizetrade for Options for further chart evaluation.</p>
<p>Based on a patent-pending proprietary algorithm, Wizetrade for Options charts the real-time buying and selling pressures through green and red lines in five time frames that are fully customizable to individual trade styles.</p>
<p>“The key to trading successfully is being consistent, finding something that works, and then repeating the process over and over again,” said John Larsen, product president of Wizetrade for Options. “These two pieces of software help you do that by combining state-of-the-art functionality with an easy to navigate interface that is fully customizable to any individual trade style and risk tolerance.</p>
<p>Using Wizetrade for Options, any options trader can:</p>
<p>1) Track up to 15 stocks at any given time: Build custom baskets of Exchange-Traded Funds, cash indexes or large Cap, mid cap and small cap stocks that can easily be loaded to the Overview Screen with a click of the mouse. The number of baskets is unlimited.</p>
<p>2) Easily filter and sort options chains: In seconds, Wizetrade for Options can help determine which option or combination of options best fit the end-user’s trade style and custom parameters.</p>
<p>3) Manage trades efficiently: The end-user will see at a glance open positions, pending orders, completed transactions and account equity all from within the Trade Manager. Enter equity, options, equities with options, spreads and straddles and strangles with a few mouse clicks.</p>
<p>4) Calculate Risk with ease: Determining entry calculations, stop losses, profit targets, risk to reward ratios and account allocation has been simplified—Wizetrade for Options calculates the numbers for the end-user.</p>
<p>5) Instantly find news: A Calendar feature not only shows what stocks have earnings announcements, stock splits or conference calls coming up, it also allows you to type in any symbol and immediately see vital company information that could impact trades.</p>
<p>6) Trade Journaling: End-user will be able to document each trade with one click, enabling a trader to instantly capture the real-time data and all five charts, underlying market conditions and option chain specifics to store for future reference.</p>
<p>7) Trade live through an integrated broker: Wizetrade for Options is fully integrated with optionsXpress (NASDAQ: OXPS), a leading online brokerage—meaning it is not necessary to leave the software to submit orders. Easily switch from paper trade (practice mode) to live mode with the click of a mouse.</p>
<p>Wizetrade for Options is the latest addition to a full line of cutting edge trend recognition software produced by Dallas-based GlobalTec, a nationally recognized investor training organization and provider of software, trading tools and training for individual investors.  This product suite includes Wizetrade, 4X Made Easy, Commodity Explorer and CommandTRADE.</p>
<p>Option Hunter software includes customizable alerts that trigger when trade parameters have been met, a Scan Builder Wizard for constructing custom scans and the capability to customize scan results. </p>
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		<title>Derivatives of Currency Trading and the Forex</title>
		<link>http://protectiveput.net/derivatives-of-currency-trading-and-the-forex</link>
		<comments>http://protectiveput.net/derivatives-of-currency-trading-and-the-forex#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jan 2010 07:46:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forex Carry Trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forex Carry Trades]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forex Option]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forex Options]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forex Swap]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forex Swaps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forex trading strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forwards Trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forwards Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Futures Trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Futures Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spot Forex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spot Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Swaps]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Derivatives of the Forex trading system are spot trading, futures trading, forwards trading, options trading and swap trades. Many inexperienced Forex traders tend to focus on spot trading. Spot transactions are over-the-counter transactions, handled outside of an organized exchange.
Spot Trading &#8211; Spot trading in the Forex trading system is what is termed Forex. A Forex [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Derivatives of the Forex trading system are spot trading, futures trading, forwards trading, options trading and swap trades. Many inexperienced Forex traders tend to focus on spot trading. Spot transactions are over-the-counter transactions, handled outside of an organized exchange.</p>
<p>Spot Trading &#8211; Spot trading in the Forex trading system is what is termed Forex. A Forex currency trade is a simple simultaneous transaction that involves the exchange of one currency for another. Forex currency trades may be settled within 2 days, except in Canada where exchanges may be settled within one-day.</p>
<p>There are two parties and two positions with any trade. The party who delivers a commodity holds a short position. The party who receives the delivered commodity holds a long position. In other words, the seller holds the short position and the buyer holds the long position. There are no restrictions and limitations in Forex spot trading as long as there are parties willing to a trade and liquidity in the currencies being traded. Spot trades incur a transaction charge per trade called a margin or spread. A margin is calculated as the difference between the current bid price and the asking price.</p>
<p>Forwards Trading &#8211; A forwards trade is a trade in which the traded commodity has a date of delivery some time in the future. Typically, a forward contract may have a date of delivery one, two, three, six or twelve months into the future. Traders use forwards to take advantage of interest rate differences between countries and this difference is usually factored into the cost of a forwards trade. The value of a forward is determined by the difference in interest rates offered by the countries whose currency is involved in the trade. The cost of a forward may be higher or lower than the current spot price of a currency. When a higher price is charged for a forward, it is called a premium while a lower price is a discount.</p>
<p>Futures Trading &#8211; A futures trade is similar to a forward trade where a buyer and seller trade currencies for a predetermined price, at some time in the future. The difference between a futures and forward trade is that futures are traded on a regulated exchange and forwards are not. Futures trades incur round-turn commissions that are generally higher than the margins required for spot trading. You must make a deposit on futures to serve as a margin or bond for the trade. If market events indicate that a currency will increase in value over the term of a future, a lower price will have more worth when it is traded. The difference between the price for a future and the market price of currency is added or subtracted from the margin value. You must replenish any loss in margin in order to continue to hold a position in the trade.</p>
<p>Options Trading &#8211; Options are a form of currency trading where you are given the option to buy a specific amount of currency before a specified date. Options differ form forwards and futures because options give you the right to buy or not buy. Generally, traders will seek options when there is an indication of stability in currency exchange rates while speculators may assume the risk in hopes of making a profit. As a buyer, you are required to pay a premium for options and that premium is forfeited if you fail to exercise the option. Premium prices are established based upon how likely the market perceives that the option will be exercised. Premiums may be calculated as the difference between the current spot price and a future strike price or they may be involve more complex calculations, based on market conditions and the timeframe before the expiry date.</p>
<p>Options include both a call and a put. The right to buy currency is a call option while the right to sell currency is put option. The option to buy US dollars and sell Japanese yen, for example, is a yen call and dollar put. The price that the buyer agrees to pay is called the strike price or exercise price and the amount of currency that may be bought or sold is called the principal. Options may be purchased on an exchange or over-the-counter and then bought and resold. US style options are purchased on an exchange and have a strike price, expiry date and contract size. Options bought over-the-counter are bought in interbank. Options offered in the interbank market are usually European style options where the terms of the contract are negotiated between the seller and buyer.</p>
<p>Swaps &#8211; A swap is a combination of a spot and forwards trade. A swap involves the trade of currency on a specified date and an agreement to trade it back at a later date. A swap provides you with an alternative to borrowing foreign currency. If you need liquidity in a currency, you may swap for the needed currency. This involves a spot transaction to initiate a trade and a forward transaction to buy back the currency in the future. Large banks and corporations tend to favor swaps. Individual investors rarely engage in swaps. </p>
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		<title>Textbook Options Strategies or Real Options Strategies</title>
		<link>http://protectiveput.net/textbook-options-strategies-or-real-options-strategies</link>
		<comments>http://protectiveput.net/textbook-options-strategies-or-real-options-strategies#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jan 2010 07:52:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Online Options Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Options Secrets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Options Tips]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Options Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trading Secrets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trading Tips]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[What is the difference? Some may shout. 
There is indeed a very BIG difference. I used to search for options strategies all the time as I thought it will make me a better trader. But does it really help a trader to trade better? 
My answer is Yes (30%) and No (70%). Most “options strategies” [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What is the difference? Some may shout. </p>
<p>There is indeed a very BIG difference. I used to search for options strategies all the time as I thought it will make me a better trader. But does it really help a trader to trade better? </p>
<p>My answer is Yes (30%) and No (70%). Most “options strategies” searches (both online or offline) normally lead to what I call the textbook strategies. Textbook strategies are those that you can find in the books from any bookstores or even FREE online. In case you do not know, there are more than 50 types of textbook options strategies in the market. They are like the “straddles, strangles, butterfly spread, calendar spreads, iron condor and whatsoever”. </p>
<p>The answer was a 30% Yes because it may help you adjust your trades at times and 70% No because in most cases, you don’t need them. </p>
<p>In the past, I used to want to know all the strategies but after mastering the 26th, I stopped. Because I start to realise that I use less than 5 of them to profit from the market. And the best part is, most of my trades are purely based on buying calls and puts contracts. </p>
<p>Whenever people ask, “if you are only trading calls and puts, why don’t you just stick to stocks?” And the questions usually come from the people who know many textbook strategies. But my answer is always simple. “Options trading offer me the leverage and flexibility that stocks cannot provide.” </p>
<p>And for me, I chose not to focus on all these textbook strategies and instead focus on real options strategies. </p>
<p>What are real options strategies? In another words, it is analysis. I prefer to just stick to the simple buy call and put contracts rather than to perform a complicated trade and end up paying more commission (although it is cheap). </p>
<p>I focus on studying the market movement, when to enter and when to exit. And once I have identify when to enter, I will just buy a call if I believe the market will continue going up or buy a put otherwise. </p>
<p>This way, I keep my trading as simple as possible so that I can use the rest of my time to accompany my loved ones. Isn’t that why you picked up or plan to pick up trading for? If yes, then keep things simple! </p>
<p>However, I am not asking you to just know how to buy calls and puts. There are some textbook strategies that will be useful for you and you may want to read on and understand. Those that I believe are useful are the spreads. </p>
<p>If you do not know what they are, go grab any options trading book and study debit and credit spreads. It will be useful for you if you wish to be on the road of options trading. </p>
<p>Remember; keep trading as simple as possible. </p>
<p>If you are in search for a real options strategy to add into your arsenal, then I recommend you my book, Huge Profits Options Trading with Simple Analysis. </p>
<p>This is a no nonsense or textbook strategy book. All the information presented in this book is about sharing with you how to study the market, when to enter and when to exit and take profits. Whether you are into stock or stock options trading, this book is for you. </p>
<p>Go to my website, www.BuyLowSellHighTips.com to witness the extraordinary stock options trading ebook that was personally written by me. </p>
<p>  </p>
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		<title>Options Buyer Risk &amp; Reward</title>
		<link>http://protectiveput.net/options-buyer-risk-reward</link>
		<comments>http://protectiveput.net/options-buyer-risk-reward#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 Jan 2010 20:53:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading Strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Options Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Trading]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Like most trades, time spreads have a maximum loss for the buyer. As a buyer, you can only lose what you have spent. If you paid $1.00 for the spread then your maximum potential loss is that $1.00. If you bought the spread for $2.00, then $2.00 is the maximum potential loss.
The buyer of a [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Like most trades, time spreads have a maximum loss for the buyer. As a buyer, you can only lose what you have spent. If you paid $1.00 for the spread then your maximum potential loss is that $1.00. If you bought the spread for $2.00, then $2.00 is the maximum potential loss.<br />
The buyer of a time spread will be purchasing the out-month option while selling the nearer month option of the same strike in a one-to-one ratio. Since the out-month option will have more time until expiration than the nearer month option, the out-month option will cost more. This means the buyer will be putting out money (debit spread) which makes sense. The buyer can only lose the amount of money they spent to purchase the spread. Thus the buyer&#8217;s maximum risk is the cost of the spread.<br />
The buyer can profit in several ways. First and foremost, being a time spread, the buyer can profit by the passage of time. Options are wasting assets. So as the nearer month option decays away more quickly than the outer-month option, the spread widens (increases in value) and the buyer sees a profit.<br />
Second, implied volatility can increase. As implied volatility increases, the out-month option, which the buyer is long, increases in value more quickly (due to its higher vega) than the nearer month option which the buyer is short. This will force the spread to widen or increase in value, which again is profitable for the buyer.<br />
Third, the buyer can make money due to stock price movement. As stated before, a time spread&#8217;s value is at its maximum when the stock price and the spreads strike price are identical (at-the-money). You could have an increase in value if you owned an out-of-the-money or in-the-money time spread, and the stock moved either up or down toward your strike. As the stock moves closer to your strike, the spread will expand and increase in value creating a profit for you, the buyer.<br />
The buyer&#8217;s risks are obviously the opposite of the rewards. You can not stop or reverse time so the buyer of the spread can never be hurt by time.<br />
Implied volatility, however, can decrease as easily as it can increase. A decrease in implied volatility will decrease the value of the out-month option (which the buyer is long) faster than it will decrease the value of the nearer month option (which the buyer is short) due to the higher vega of the out-month option. This will narrow the spread thereby creating a loss for the buyer.<br />
In the same way that stock movement in the right direction can be profitable for the buyer of a time spread, stock movement in the wrong direction can be costly. As the stock moves away from the spread&#8217;s strike, the spread decreases in value. That will create a loss for the buyer of the spread. </p>
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		<title>Options Trading Lessons: Vertical Spreads</title>
		<link>http://protectiveput.net/options-trading-lessons-vertical-spreads</link>
		<comments>http://protectiveput.net/options-trading-lessons-vertical-spreads#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2010 07:42:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading Strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Options Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Trading1]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://protectiveput.net/options-trading-lessons-vertical-spreads</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are two main types of vertical spreads. There is the vertical call spread and the vertical put spread. Each spread allows you to do two things. First, you can buy it, making you long the vertical spread. Second, you can sell it making you short the vertical spread. Both can be employed to take [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are two main types of vertical spreads. There is the vertical call spread and the vertical put spread. Each spread allows you to do two things. First, you can buy it, making you long the vertical spread. Second, you can sell it making you short the vertical spread. Both can be employed to take advantage of directional stock plays. When we use the term &#8216;directional stock play,&#8217; we refer to using vertical spreads to capitalize on anticipated stock movements either up or down.<br />
A bull spread is used when the investor feels that a stock is most likely to go up. As we recall, &#8216;bullish&#8217; means to have a positive outlook on a stock&#8217;s future movement. There are two ways to set up a bull spread. The first is with the use of calls. In this case, a bullish investor would buy a vertical call spread (bull call spread). This is accomplished by buying a call with a lower strike price and selling a call with a higher strike price.<br />
The second way to construct a bull spread is with the use of puts. A bullish investor could sell a vertical put spread (bull put spread) hoping to profit from an increase in the stock&#8217;s value. The investor would sell a put with a higher strike price and buy a put with a lower strike price. Let&#8217;s take a look at how the P&amp;L chart of a Bull Spread looks below.<br />
To recap, if you feel a stock will be increasing in value, you may put on a bull spread by either buying a vertical call spread (bull call spread) or selling a vertical put spread (bull put spread)<br />
A bear spread, however, is used when, you the investor, feels a stock is likely to trade down. Remember, &#8216;bearish&#8217; means that one&#8217;s outlook on the future movement of the stock is negative. To take advantage of this expected downward movement, the investor would put on a bear spread. This can be done in either of two ways.<br />
First, the investor can do it using puts. The purchase of a vertical put spread (bear put spread) can be accomplished by purchasing a put with a higher priced strike and selling a put with a lower priced strike.<br />
The second way an investor can construct a bear spread is by using calls, specifically, by selling a vertical call spread (bear call spread). You do this by selling a call with a lower strike price and purchasing a call with a higher strike price.<br />
So if you think that a stock is likely to decrease in value, you sell a vertical call spread (bear call spread) or purchase a vertical put spread (bear put spread). Let&#8217;s take a look at the P&amp;L diagram for a Bear Spread below.<br />
Finally, there are two fundamentals that are universal to all vertical spreads. These fundamentals are critical to understanding the foundation of the vertical spread strategy: (1) you can determine a vertical spread&#8217;s maximum value by taking note of the difference between the two strikes and (2) vertical spreads have intrinsic value. </p>
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		<title>Hesitating Before a Trade</title>
		<link>http://protectiveput.net/hesitating-before-a-trade</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2010 07:42:57 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Hey Joe! No matter how hard I try, I still find myself hesitating before a trade.  Any comments about that? 
There are any number of reasons why a trader hesitates before a trade.  The main one is lack of planning.  Without a plan, there is no degree of confidence a trade will be successful, it’s [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hey Joe! No matter how hard I try, I still find myself hesitating before a trade.  Any comments about that? </p>
<p>There are any number of reasons why a trader hesitates before a trade.  The main one is lack of planning.  Without a plan, there is no degree of confidence a trade will be successful, it’s all wishful thinking. Unless they are outright gamblers, traders usually have a strong need to protect their assets and avoid risk. This is especially true for beginning traders. It can take a long time to build up sufficient capital for serious trading. By that I mean sufficient capital to be able to trade for a living. It is quite understandable to fear losing all or part of your initial capital. Beginners tend to seek absolute certainty before taking a risk, and gaining true confidence in you ability to trade successfully can take time. Unscrupulous marketers of mechanical trading systems and methods take advantage of the beginners fears and lack of confidence by advertising “sure-fire” “magic” ways to trade, instead of revealing the truth about the difficulties in becoming a consistently successful trader. </p>
<p>When it comes to short term trading, there isn&#8217;t very much time for long deliberations. Market conditions are in continuous flux. Decisions need to be made relatively quickly, and if one waits too long to execute a trade, he or she may miss a significant opportunity. The reasons for hesitation are everywhere, and traders must be aware of them, and create a plan to prevent them.  Let’s look at a few of the things that cause traders to hesitate: </p>
<p>The complex charting software available these days tends to increase hesitation.  Traders think that the more confirmation they can get from indicators, the more certain they can be that a trade will be successful.  However, all indicators lag the market. The notion that an indicator can somehow predict what will happen once a trade is entered is nothing more than wishful thinking. An indicator may give some degree of confidence about entering a trade, but the indicator cannot trade the trade, only the trader can do that. Once a trade is entered, it becomes entirely a process of management. It&#8217;s tempting to look at as many indicators and signals as possible. Doing so, however, can be very time consuming. That&#8217;s why seasoned traders advise looking at only a few if any key indicators. </p>
<p>Hesitation is often related to a lack of confidence in the trader’s trading strategy or trading ability. There are numerous reasons for such lack of confidence. Some of the reasons are shallow and mostly on the surface, like being distracted by watching financial TV while trading.  Other reasons are more deep-seated, and actually reflect psychological problems dating all the way back to early childhood.  A trader may not believe that his or her trading plan is adequately developed.  Nevertheless, they are determined to trade, so they muster up their courage and finally jump into a trade almost guaranteeing that the outcome will be a matter of pure chance.  Some traders may question their trading plan because they know that they did not spend enough time preparing it. Sometimes hesitation is intuitive, warning the trader to avoid the trade. All too often, traders are not tuned into their own intuitive feelings.  In the case of intuition, hesitation can act as a motivator. If the trader feels the hesitation is because of lack of adequate preparation, then that trader must learn to spend more time preparing for trades. By studying the markets a trader can come to see new higher probability setups, thereby reducing doubt and indecision, and in turn stop the hesitation because of more adequate preparation. </p>
<p>Hesitation sometimes reflects a deep desire to be right and a fear of being wrong. It has been our experience that many of the people who are attracted to trading fit into this category.  Great care must be taken by physicians, engineers, scientific types, and mathematicians, who seem to be the most prone to this type of hesitation. They are often perfectionists afraid to face their inadequacies. By putting off a decision, they don&#8217;t have to face their limitations, and can pretend they are better traders than they really are. If I had the time and space, I could give you dozens of examples of this kind of hesitation.  The perfectionist’s reality states that everything must be in order and follow rules.  They think strictly inside the box.  They want everything to be perfect, so they continually second guess and doubt themselves and what they are doing. They believe that they cannot cope with being wrong. This occurs in trading decisions as well as other life decisions. Extreme perfectionists often think that once they make a bad trade, it will be the start of a downward spiral and a complete blowout of their trading account. </p>
<p>Hesitation very often relates to low self-esteem or other deep-rooted psychological issues. We see these more times than we would like to.  Traders with low self-esteem usually lack confidence, not only in trading, but other areas of life. Beneath it all, they doubt their ability to trade, and hesitate making a trade until they the guilt of not doing so overcomes their fear.  At that point in time, they enter a trade out of pure compulsion driven by guilt.  This exposes them to a trade with no real plan to support it.  They become victims of pure chance.  We also find that traders who hesitate may have a conflict regarding their success. They can actually fear success.  They have been told by parents or others that they were no good, that they would never amount to anything, that they were “bad.” These people strive for success at one level of their consciousness, but at a deeper level, they secretly believe they cannot attain it, or do not deserve it. </p>
<p>Identifying, directly facing, and eventually eliminating a problem of hesitation is the only way to truly deal with it. Chronic hesitation will eventually destroy the confidence a trader needs for success. If the problem is not dealt with and the traders continues to hesitate, miss important market moves, and see his or her equity begin to dwindle, that trader runs the risk of becoming a phantom trader, a pretender, becoming convinced that the imaginary trades being made are real. If you are prone to hesitation, it&#8217;s vital that you deal with this problem early in your trading endeavors. Identify the reasons for it, confront the problem, and make changes as soon as possible. These are changes you have to make within yourself.  If you will truly engage in self-examination with the object of eliminating hesitation, you can trade become consistent and successful in trading profitably. </p>
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		<title>Options Trading Mastery: Behavior of the Time Spread</title>
		<link>http://protectiveput.net/options-trading-mastery-behavior-of-the-time-spread</link>
		<comments>http://protectiveput.net/options-trading-mastery-behavior-of-the-time-spread#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 08:27:29 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Time spreads can be a profitable investment strategy if you understand the concept of time decay. A time spread is designed to take advantage of the fact that an options decay curve is non-linear, that is, an option&#8217;s value does not decay evenly over time. As an option gets closer to expiration, its rate of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Time spreads can be a profitable investment strategy if you understand the concept of time decay. A time spread is designed to take advantage of the fact that an options decay curve is non-linear, that is, an option&#8217;s value does not decay evenly over time. As an option gets closer to expiration, its rate of decay increases meaning the option loses value more quickly. That decay rate increases progressively until expiration.<br />
An option&#8217;s decay rate begins to accelerate when the option is about 45 days out. It picks up steam at 30 days out and really comes under decay pressure at about 15 days out. This scenario is similar to a boulder rolling down from a hilltop.  As it starts, it rolls slowly, then gains more speed, and momentum the further it gets down the hill until it achieves its maximum speed at the bottom. Option decay acts the same way &#8211; gathering speed and momentum as the option approaches expiration.<br />
In time spreads, both options have the same strike price that remains constant. Each option&#8217;s value decays at different rates and over different lengths of time. The option, with one month until expiration, experiences value decay at a faster rate than the one with three months until expiration.<br />
If you buy an option with three months to go and sell an option with the same strike but with one month to go, you have set up a spread between the two options values (prices). As time passes, your short option loses value more quickly than your long option that decays more slowly. The value of the spread widens and you profit from that spread&#8217;s expansion. This is the fundamental behavior of the time-spread.<br />
Consider that you are long the 60-30 day time spread. That means you are long the 60-day option and short the 30-day option. We will assign a price of $3.00 to the 60-day option and $2.00 to the 30-day option. Since you pay for the one and receive payment for the other, the bottom line cost of what you put out for the spread is $1.00.<br />
During the same 30-day period, it goes from $3.00 to $2.00. Remember, the spread&#8217;s bottom line cost was $1.00. The 30-day option (now expired) will be worth $0 while the 60-day option (now a 30-day option) will be worth $2.00. If you had invested in this spread, after 30 days decay you would be holding one option worth $2.00. The investment has provided a nice return!<br />
This is an ideal situation. The stock price and volatility remain constant and you capture the decay. The time spread has worked just as it should. It does work that way sometimes, but nothing works as it should all the time. As we know, stock prices and volatility levels do not remain constant. They are always changing. In the time spread strategy, the investor must choose opportunities carefully. In addition to picking a stock that will be in a stagnant period, the investor should look for two other situations where the spread has profit possibilities: changes in volatility and to a lesser degree stock price movements. </p>
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		<title>Options Trading Mastery: Effects of Volatility on the Time Spread</title>
		<link>http://protectiveput.net/options-trading-mastery-effects-of-volatility-on-the-time-spread</link>
		<comments>http://protectiveput.net/options-trading-mastery-effects-of-volatility-on-the-time-spread#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 2009 19:40:53 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[When purchasing a time spread, the investor should pay attention to not only the movement of the stock price, but also the movement of volatility. It plays a very large roll in the price of a time spread, which is an excellent way to take advantage of anticipated volatility movements in a hedged fashion.
Option Volatility
Since [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When purchasing a time spread, the investor should pay attention to not only the movement of the stock price, but also the movement of volatility. It plays a very large roll in the price of a time spread, which is an excellent way to take advantage of anticipated volatility movements in a hedged fashion.<br />
Option Volatility<br />
Since the time spread is composed of two options, the investor should understand the role of volatility in options as well as in time spreads. Let us start with option volatility.<br />
We measure an option&#8217;s volatility component by a term called Vega. Vega, one of the components of the pricing model, measures how much an option&#8217;s price will change with a one-point (or tick) change in implied volatility. Based on present data, the pricing model assigns the Vega for each option at different strikes, different months and different prices of the stock.<br />
Vega is always given in dollars per one tick volatility change. If an option is worth $1.00 at a 35 implied volatility and it has a .05 Vega, then the option will be worth $1.05 if implied volatility were to increase to 36 (up one tick) and $.95 if the implied volatility were to decrease to 34 (down one tick).<br />
Keep these facts in mind as we continue to discuss Vega:<br />
1. Vega measures how much an option price will change as volatility changes.<br />
2. Vega increases as you look at future months and decreases as you approach expiration.<br />
3. Vega is highest in the at-the-money options.<br />
4. Vega is a strike-based number. It applies whether the strike is a call or a put.<br />
5. Vega increases as volatility increases and decreases as volatility decreases.<br />
It is important to note that an option&#8217;s volatility sensitivity increases with more time to expiration. Further out-month options have higher Vegas than the Vegas of the near term options. The further out you go over time, the higher the Vegas become. Although increasing, they do not progress in a linear manner. When you check the same strike price out over future months you will notice that Vega values increase as you move out over future months.<br />
The at-the-money strike in any month will have the highest Vega. As you move away from the at-the-money strike in either direction, the Vega values decrease and continue to decrease the further away you get from the at-the-money strike. Remember, Vega (an option&#8217;s volatility component value) is highest in at-the-money, out-month options. Vega decreases the closer you get to expiration and the further away you move from the at-the-money strike.<br />
The chart below shows Vega values for QCOM options. Observe the important elements. The stock price is constant at 68.5. Volatility is constant at 40. Time progresses from June to January. Finally, the strike price changes from 50 through 80. Notice the increasing pattern as you go out over time and how the value decreases as you move away from the at-the-money strike.<br />
Chart 3- Vega<br />
Stock Price 68.5  Vol. 40<br />
Strike	June	July	October	January<br />
50	   0	.008	.064	.114<br />
55	.004	.030	.102	.153<br />
60	.023	.063	.135	.184<br />
65	.053	.090	.157	.205<br />
70	.056	.094	.165	.215<br />
75	.032	.077	.154	.213<br />
80	.011	.052	.142	.203<br />
Another important fact about Vega is that it is a strike-based number. This means that the Vega number does not differentiate between put and call. Vega tells the volatility sensitivity of the strike regardless of whether you are looking at puts or calls. Therefore, the Vega number of a call and its corresponding put are identical.<br />
The chart below shows the Vega values for calls and the corresponding puts. As you can see, these values match up in every instance.<br />
Chart 6<br />
Strike Price-Call Vega-Put Vega<br />
June<br />
60	.023	.023<br />
65	.053	.053<br />
70	.056	.056<br />
July<br />
60	.063	.063<br />
65	.090	.090<br />
70	.094	.094<br />
October<br />
60	.135	.135<br />
65	.157	.157<br />
70	.165	.165<br />
January<br />
60	.184	.184<br />
65	.205	.205<br />
70	.215	.215<br />
Vega can also calculate how much a specific option&#8217;s price will change with a movement in implied volatility. You simply count how many volatility ticks implied volatility has moved. Multiply that number times the Vega and either add it (if volatility increased) to the option&#8217;s present value or subtract it (if volatility decreased) from the option&#8217;s present value to obtain the option&#8217;s new value under the new volatility assumption. The calculation works on individual options and can analyze the value of the time spread.<br />
Apply Vega to Time Spreads<br />
Now, let us apply the concepts of Vega to the Time Spread. When you apply the Vega concept to time spreads, you observe that as implied volatility increases, the value of the time spread increases. This is because the out-month option, with the higher Vega will increase more than the closer month option with the lower Vega. That widens or increases the spread.<br />
The chart below shows a time spread and its reaction to increasing volatility. Each time that implied volatility increases, the value of the time spreads increase. This increase would naturally favor the buyer.<br />
Chart 4<br />
Stock Price $	Vol.	June / July 65	Oct / July 65<br />
65.5	30	1.09	2.09<br />
65.5	40	1.43	2.75<br />
65.5	50	1.77	3.41<br />
65.5	60	2.11	4.05<br />
65.5	70	2.49	4.60<br />
If an investor bought the time spread at low volatility and within a few weeks volatility had increased and pushed the spread price higher, the investor could sell the spread at a profit even before expiration.<br />
Of course, the Vega can also demonstrate the opposing effect. As implied volatility decreases, the spread tightens or decreases in value. As volatility comes down, the out-month option with its higher Vega will lose value more quickly than will the nearer month option with its lower Vega. In the chart below, you will see how decreasing volatility affects the time spread&#8217;s value.<br />
Chart 5<br />
Stock Price $	Vol.	June / July 65	Oct / July 65<br />
65.5	70	2.49	4.60<br />
65.5	60	2.11	4.05<br />
65.5	50	1.77	3.41<br />
65.5	40	1.43	2.75<br />
65.5	30	1.09	2.09<br />
Glance back to Charts 4 and 5. Take note that the stock price is constant. The changes in the price of the spreads are due to the change in volatility.<br />
We discussed how to use Vega to calculate an option&#8217;s price when volatility changes. The same calculation method works for time spreads but the calculation is slightly more difficult. </p>
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		<title>Options Trading Lesson: Seller Risk &amp; Reward</title>
		<link>http://protectiveput.net/options-trading-lesson-seller-risk-reward</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 2009 09:30:28 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[The seller of a time spread buys the nearer month option and sells the outer-month option in a one-to-one ratio. To profit from the sale of the time spread, the seller must look for two things.
The first is a decrease in implied volatility. As volatility decreases, the out-month option (which the seller is short) loses [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The seller of a time spread buys the nearer month option and sells the outer-month option in a one-to-one ratio. To profit from the sale of the time spread, the seller must look for two things.<br />
The first is a decrease in implied volatility. As volatility decreases, the out-month option (which the seller is short) loses money faster than the near month option (which the seller is long) because of the higher Vega in the out month option. This will cause the spread to contract or lose value and will be profitable for the time spread seller.<br />
The second thing a seller should look for is a movement in stock. A time spread is at its widest, most expensive point when it is at-the-money. A movement away from the strike in either direction decreases the value of the spread. As long as the stock moves in either direction away from the strike, the seller&#8217;s position could be profitable if time decay does not outperform the stock movement.<br />
Time, unfortunately, never works in favor of the time-spread seller. The nearer month option (which the seller is long) naturally decays at a faster rate than does the out-month option (which the seller is short). These differing decay rates cause the spread to expand and increase in value, which produces a loss for the time spread seller.<br />
Increases in implied volatility are also detrimental to the potential profits of the time- spread seller. When implied volatility increases, the out month option (which the seller is short) increases in value faster than the near month option (which the seller is long). This is due to the out month option&#8217;s higher Vega which creates an expansion in the spread and increases its value resulting in a negative for the spread seller.<br />
The seller, in theory, has an unlimited loss potential. The maximum loss potential is not so much determined by the stock price movement but by the movement in implied volatility. As the seller, you will be long the front month call and short the out-month call.<br />
The out month call will be more sensitive to movements in implied volatility due to a higher Vega or volatility sensitivity component. If implied volatility increases, then the seller&#8217;s short, out month option will increase more in value than will the seller&#8217;s long, front month option. This will cause the spread to widen or increase in value &#8211; a negative for the seller.<br />
The second risk is that the option the seller is long is going to expire approximately 30 days prior to the option the seller is short. If volatility does not decrease or the stock does not move away from the strike significantly before the seller&#8217;s long option expires, (s)he will be left short a naked or un-hedged option and a loss on the position.<br />
If the seller can wait out the position, the lost extrinsic value of the short option is retainable. This option also has a limited life and must shed its extrinsic value, no matter how much, by its expiration. The problem facing the seller is that the position is no longer hedged and the seller now faces unlimited risk.<br />
Once the long option expires leaving the seller short a now naked call, stock price movement in the wrong direction is a substantial risk and under the circumstances described above, a big problem.<br />
While the seller can wait out an implied volatility movement that created an increase in extrinsic value, they will probably not be able to wait out a large, negative stock movement creating an increase in intrinsic value. In that case, the seller must take action to prevent substantial losses once the front month expires. Attention to the implied volatility in the farther out option when the nearer month option expires can save the seller from a large loss. </p>
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